The Ministry of Public Works & Transport is mandated to contribute to the sustainable economic development and attainment of the national vision through the provision and maintenance of quality, environmentally friendly, accessible public infrastructure and an enabling atmosphere for a safe, efficient, and effective transportation system.

The Ministry's portfolio responsibilities include: planning, constructing, and maintaining the country's road network; planning, constructing, maintaining, and administering government buildings; providing and maintaining transport facilities for government ministries; administering the Road Transportation Act No. 5 of 2007 and Road Traffic Acts; and regulating the transportation industry through a permit system.

Vision: To be a world-class provider of public infrastructure and transport systems.

Mission: To contribute to the sustainable economic development and attainment of the national vision through the provision and maintenance of quality, environmentally friendly, accessible public infrastructure and an enabling atmosphere for a safe, efficient, and effective transportation system.

The Ministry's 2022 goal is to enhance the pace of service delivery so as to efficiently and effectively achieve national priority targets in infrastructural development and transportation systems.

The Ministry oversees five core areas of work: the national road network, government buildings, road transportation regulation, the Central Transport Administration, and enforcement of roadworthiness standards. Under its oversight also sit several parastatals — Eswatini Railway, the Royal Eswatini National Airways Corporation, and the Eswatini Civil Aviation Authority.

The issuance of Certificates of Roadworthiness is governed by Section 117 of the Road Traffic Law 1965 (as Amended), which requires periodic inspection of motor vehicles by authorised examiners at licensed testing centres. The Ministry oversees this statutory function through the Department of Road Transportation.